Topic Outline
- DELIVERY
- Direct Versus Indirect Delivery
- FORWARDING
- Forwarding Techniques
- Forwarding Process
- Routing Table
- UNICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS
- Optimization
- Intra- and Interdomain Routing
- Distance Vector Routing
- Link State Routing
- Path Vector Routing
- MULTICAST ROUTING PROTOCOLS
- Unicast, Multicast, and Broadcast
- Applications
- Multicast Routing
- Routing Protocols
Begin and Good luck!
1. In _______ delivery, the deliverer of the IP packet and the destination are on different networks.
- A) a connection-oriented
- B) a direct
- C) an indirect
- D) none of the above
2. The input and output ports of a router perform the ________ layer functions of the router.
- A) physical and data link
- B) network
- C) transport
- D) none of the above
3. _________ broadcasts packets, but creates loops in the systems.
- A) Forwarding
- B) Flooding
- C) Backwarding
- D) none of the above
4. CBT is a ________ protocol that uses a core as the root of the tree.
- A) source-based
- B) group-shared
- C) a or b
- D) none of the above
5. RPF guarantees that each network receives only ____ of the multicast packet.
- A) one copy
- B) two copies
- C) a or b
- D) none of the above
6. Routing between autonomous systems is referred to as ____________.
- A) interdomain routing
- B) intradomain routing
- C) both a and b
- D) none of the above
7. DVMRP is a ________routing protocol, based on RIP.
- A) source-based
- B) group-shared
- C) both a and b
- D) none of the above
8. In _______, the router may forward the received packet through several of its interfaces.
- A) unicasting
- B) multicasting
- C) broadcasting
- D) none of the above
9. __________ is an implementation of multicast distance vector routing. It is a source-based routing protocol, based on RIP.
- A) MOSPF
- B) DVMRP
- C) CBT
- D) none of the above
10. In multicast routing, each involved router needs to construct a ________ path tree for each group.
- A) average
- B) longest
- C) shortest
- D) none of the above
11. In ________, the multicast packet must reach only those networks that have active members for that particular group.
- A) RPF
- B) RPB
- C) RPM
- D) none of the above
12. In ________, each node maintains a vector (table) of minimum distances to every node.
- A) path vector
- B) distance vector
- C) link state
- D) none of the above
13. A _______ message tells an upstream router to start sending multicast messages for a specific group through a specific router.
- A) weed
- B) graft
- C) prune
- D) none of the above
14. RPB guarantees that each destination receives _________ of the packet.
- A) one copy
- B) no copies
- C) multiple copies
- D) none of the above
15. Emulation of ________ through ___________ is not efficient and may create long delays.
- A) unicasting; multiple unicasting
- B) multicasting; multiple unicasting
- C) broadcasting; multicasting
- D) none of the above
16. MOSPF is a _______ protocol.
- A) data-driven
- B) command-driven
- C) both a and b
- D) none of the above
17. RPB creates a shortest path _______ tree from the source to each destination.
- A) unicast
- B) multicast
- C) broadcast
- D) none of the above
18. The _______ protocol allows the administrator to assign a cost, called the metric, to each route.
- A) OSPF
- B) RIP
- C) BGP
- D) none of the above
19. A one-to-all communication between one source and all hosts on a network is classified as a _______ communication.
- A) unicast
- B) multicast
- C) broadcast
- D) none of the above
20. For purposes of routing, the Internet is divided into ___________.
- A) wide area networks
- B) autonomous networks
- C) autonomous systems
- D) none of the above
21. The metric used by _______ is the hop count.
- A) OSPF
- B) RIP
- C) BGP
- D) none of the above
22. A static table is one _______.
- A) with manual entries
- B) which is updated automatically
- C) either a or b
- D) none of the above
23. The idea of address aggregation was designed to alleviate the increase in routing table entries when using ________.
- A) classful addressing
- B) classless addressing
- C) both a and b
- D) none of the above
24. In _______ forwarding, the full IP address of a destination is given in the routing table.
- A) next-hop
- B) network-specific
- C) host-specific
- D) default
25. The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is an intradomain routing based on _________ routing.
- A) distance vector
- B) link state
- C) path vector
- D) none of the above
26. ____________ is a group of networks and routers under the authority of a single administration.
- A) An autonomous system
- B) An area
- C) both a and b
- D) none of the above
27. In the group-shared tree approach, _________ involved in multicasting.
- A) only the core router is
- B) all routers are
- C) only some routers are
- D) none of the above
28. In OSPF, a ________ link is a network is connected to only one router.
- A) point-to-point
- B) transient
- C) stub
- D) none of the above
29. _______ adds pruning and grafting to _______ to create a multicast shortest path tree that supports dynamic membership changes.
- A) RPM; RPB
- B) RPB; RPM
- C) RPF: RPM
- D) none of the above
30. In OSPF, when the link between two routers is broken, the administration may create a _________ link between them using a longer path that probably goes through several routers.
- A) point-to-point
- B) transient
- C) stub
- D) none of the above
31. The Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) protocol is an intradomain routing protocol based on _______ routing.
- A) distance vector
- B) link state
- C) path vector
- D) none of the above
32. In unicast routing, each router in the domain has a table that defines a ______ path tree to possible destinations.
- A) average
- B) longest
- C) shortest
- D) none of the above
33. In _______, a logical tunnel is established by encapsulating the multicast packet inside a unicast packet.
- A) UNIBONE
- B) MULTBONE
- C) MBONE
- D) none of the above
34. _______ deals with the issues of creating and maintaining routing tables.
- A) Forwarding
- B) Routing
- C) Directing
- D) none of the above
35. To create a neighborhood relationship, a router running BGP sends an ________ message.
- A) open
- B) update
- C) keep alive
- D) none of the above
36. The Multicast Open Shortest Path First (MOSPF) protocol is an extension of the OSPF protocol that uses multicast routing to create source-based trees. The protocol is based on _______ routing.
- A) distance vector
- B) link state
- C) path vector
- D) none of the above
37. RPF eliminates the ________ in the flooding process.
- A) forwarding
- B) backwarding
- C) flooding
- D) none of the above
38. A _______ routing table is updated periodically using one of the dynamic routing protocols.
- A) static
- B) dynamic
- C) hierarchical
- D) none of the above
39. A one-to-many communication between one source and a specific group of hosts is classified as a _______ communication.
- A) unicast
- B) multicast
- C) broadcast
- D) none of the above
40. A one-to-one communication between one source and one destination is classified as a _______ communication.
- A) unicast
- B) multicast
- C) broadcast
- D) none of the above
41. A _______ routing table contains information entered manually.
- A) static
- B) dynamic
- C) hierarchical
- D) none of the above
42. PIM-DM is used in a _______ multicast environment, such as a LAN.
- A) dense
- B) sparse
- C) a or b
- D) none of the above
43. In distance vector routing, each node periodically shares its routing table with _________ and whenever there is a change.
- A) every other node
- B) its immediate neighbors
- C) one neighbor
- D) none of the above
44. Routing inside an autonomous system is referred to as _______________.
- A) interdomain routing
- B) intradomain routing
- C) both a and b
- D) none of the above
45. In RPF, a router forwards only the copy that has traveled the _______ path from the source to the router.
- A) shortest
- B) longest
- C) average
- D) none of the above
46. In ________ routing, we assume that there is one node (or more) in each autonomous system that acts on behalf of the entire autonomous system.
- A) distant vector
- B) path vector
- C) link state
- D) none of the above
47. ___________ is an interdomain routing protocol using path vector routing.
- A) BGP
- B) RIP
- C) OSPF
- D) none of the above
48. In OSPF, a ________ link connects two routers without any other host or router in between.
- A) point-to-point
- B) transient
- C) stub
- D) none of the above
49. In _______ forwarding, the routing table holds the address of just the next hop instead of complete route information.
- A) next-hop
- B) network-specific
- C) host-specific
- D) default
50. In _______ forwarding, the destination address is a network address in the routing table.
- A) next-hop
- B) network-specific
- C) host-specific
- D) default
51. Pruning and grafting are strategies used in _______.
- A) RPF
- B) RPB
- C) RPM
- D) none of the above
52. The task of moving the packet from the input queue to the output queue in a router is done by _________.
- A) input and output ports
- B) routing processor
- C) switching fabrics
- D) none of the above
53. In _______ delivery, both the deliverer of the IP packet and the destination are on the same network.
- A) a connectionless
- B) a direct
- C) an indirect
- D) none of the above
54. In _______ forwarding, the mask and destination addresses are both 0.0.0.0 in the routing table.
- A) next-hop
- B) network-specific
- C) host-specific
- D) default
55. In the _______ tree approach, each router needs to have one shortest path tree for each group.
- A) group-shared
- B) source-based
- C) a or b
- D) none of the above
56. The use of hierarchy in routing tables can ________ the size of the routing tables.
- A) reduce
- B) increase
- C) both a and b
- D) none of the above
57. In _______ routing, the least cost route between any two nodes is the route with the minimum distance.
- A) path vector
- B) distance vector
- C) link state
- D) none of the above
58. Multicast link state routing uses the _______ tree approach.
- A) source-based
- B) group-shared
- C) a or b
- D) none of the above
59. A dynamic table is one _______.
- A) with manual entries
- B) which is updated automatically
- C) either a or b
- D) none of the above
60. In ______, the router forwards the received packet through only one of its interfaces.
- A) unicasting
- B) multicasting
- C) broadcasting
- D) none of the above
61. In OSPF, a _______ link is a network with several routers attached to it.
- A) point-to-point
- B) transient
- C) stub
- D) none of the above
62. The _________ routing uses the Dijkstra algorithm to build a routing table.
- A) distance vector
- B) link state
- C) path vector
- D) none of the above
63. An area is _______.
- A) part of an AS
- B) composed of at least two ASs
- C) another term for an AS
- D) none of the above
64. The principle of ________ states that the routing table is sorted from the longest mask to the shortest mask.
- A) first mask matching
- B) shortest mask matching
- C) longest mask matching
- D) none of the above
65. PIM-SM is used in a _______multicast environment such as a WAN.
- A) dense
- B) sparse
- C) a or b
- D) none of the above
66. The routing processor of a router performs the ________ layer functions of the router.
- A) physical and data link
- B) network
- C) transport
- D) none of the above
67. A _______ message tells an upstream router to stop sending multicast messages for a specific group through a specific router.
- A) weed
- B) graft
- C) prune
- D) none of the above
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