Applied Physics Lecture: Fluids

Distinguish between density, weight density, and specific gravity and given an object's mass and volume, calculate the object's density, weight density, and specific gravity.
Define pressure and calculate the pressure that an object of known weight exerts on a surface of known area and express the magnitude of the pressure in psi, lb/ft², N/m², or pascals (Pa).
Calculate the pressure acting at a depth h below the surface of a liquid of density (ρ).
Distinguish between absolute pressure and gauge pressure and solve problems involving each type of pressure.
State Pascal's Principle and apply this principle to basic hydraulic systems.

State Archimedes Principle and use this principle to solve problems related to buoyancy.
Explain what is meant by streamline flow, the equation of continuity, and the flow rate. Apply these concepts to word problems to solve for the velocity of water at a particular point in a closed pipe.
Use Bernoulli's equation and the concept of streamline flow to solve for the velocity of a fluid and/or the pressure exerted by a fluid at a particular point in a closed pipe.

Phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas.
Liquids and gases are called fluids.
Density is mass per unit volume.
Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of the material to that of water.
Pressure is force per unit area.
Pressure at a depth h is ρgh.
External pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted throughout the fluid.
Atmospheric pressure is measured with a barometer.
Gauge pressure is the total pressure minus the atmospheric pressure.
An object submerged partly or wholly in a fluid is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.
Fluid flow can be laminar or turbulent.
The product of the cross-sectional area and the speed is constant for horizontal flow.
Where the velocity of a fluid is high, the pressure is low, and vice versa.
Viscosity is an internal frictional force within fluids.
Liquid surfaces hold together as if under tension.

Density and Specific GravityDensity and Specific Gravity
Density and Specific Gravity
Pressure in Fluids
Atmospheric Pressure and Gauge Pressure
Pascal’s Principle
Measurement of Pressure; Gauges and the Barometer
Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle
Fluids in Motion; Flow Rate and the Equation of Continuity
Bernoulli’s Equation
Applications of Bernoulli’s Principle: from Torricelli to Airplanes, Baseballs, and TIA
Viscosity
Flow in Tubes: Poiseuille’s Equation, Blood Flow
Surface Tension and Capillarity
Pumps, and the Heart

Tags: Applied Physics, Lectures

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