Applied Physics Lecture: Temperature and Kinetic Theory

Lesson Objectives - the students should be able to:

• Convert a temperature given in degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius and/or degrees Kelvin, and vice versa.
• State the factors that cause the volume of a solid or liquid to change or the length of a solid to change. Also, solve word problems and determine the final length or volume.
• Write the mathematical relationships that summarize Boyle's law, Charles law, Gay Lussac's law, and the ideal gas equation. Use these equations to solve word problems.
• State in your own words Avogadro's hypothesis. State from memory the modern value of Avogadro's number.
• State the postulates of the kinetic theory of gases.
• Rewrite the ideal gas equation in terms of motion of the molecules of an ideal gas.
• Explain what is meant by the term rms velocity.
• Explain what is meant by Van der Waal's forces.
• Given a phase diagram for water, determine the range of temperature and pressure at which water is a solid, liquid, or gas. Describe what is meant by the triple point of water and point out the triple point on a phase diagram.
• Explain what is meant by sublimation and use a phase diagram to determine the range of temperatures and pressures for which the sublimation of water could occur.
• Explain why evaporation from a liquid is related to the temperature of the liquid and the average kinetic energy of the molecules of the liquid.
• Explain what is meant by vapor pressure and explain why vapor pressure is related to the temperature of the liquid and the boiling point of the liquid.
• Distinguish between relative humidity and absolute humidity and solve word problems related to relative humidity.
• Explain what is meant by diffusion and why diffusion is slower through a liquid than through a gas.
• Use Fick's law to solve word problems related to gaseous diffusion.
• State Graham's law of diffusion and use this law to determine the mass of a molecule of an unknown gas.

Lecture on Temperature and Kinetic Theory PPT

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• Applied Physics Course Outline

Summary of Chapter 13

• All matter is made of atoms.
• Atomic and molecular masses are measured in atomic mass units, u.
• Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold something is, and is measured by thermometers.
• There are three temperature scales in use: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
• When heated, a solid will get longer by a fraction given by the coefficient of linear expansion.
• The fractional change in volume of gases, liquids, and solids is given by the coefficient of volume expansion.
• Ideal gas law:
  
  
• One mole of a substance is the number of grams equal to the atomic or molecular mass.
• Each mole contains Avogadro’s number of atoms or molecules.
• The average kinetic energy of molecules in a gas is proportional to the temperature:
  
  
• Below the critical temperature, a gas can liquefy if the pressure is high enough.
• At the triple point, all three phases are in equilibrium.
• Evaporation occurs when the fastest moving molecules escape from the surface of a liquid.
• Saturated vapor pressure occurs when the two phases are in equilibrium.
• Relative humidity is the ratio of the actual vapor pressure to the saturated vapor pressure.
• Diffusion is the process whereby the concentration of a substance becomes uniform.

Units of Chapter 13 - Keywords

• Atomic Theory of Matter
• Temperature and Thermometers
• Thermal Equilibrium and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
• Thermal Expansion
• Thermal Stress
• The Gas Laws and Absolute Temperature
• The Ideal Gas Law
• Problem Solving with the Ideal Gas Law
• Ideal Gas Law in Terms of Molecules: Avogadro’s Number
• Kinetic Theory and the Molecular Interpretation of Temperature
• Distribution of Molecular Speeds
• Real Gases and Changes of Phase
• Vapor Pressure and Humidity
• Diffusion
• Brownian motion
• Thermometers
• mole

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Applied Physics Lecture: Sound

Lesson Objectives - the students should be able to:

• Determine the speed of sound in air at one atmosphere of pressure at different temperatures.
• Distinguish between the following terms: pitch, frequency, wavelength, sound intensity, loudness.
• Determine intensity level in decibels of a sound if the intensity of the sound is given in W/m².
• Explain how a standing wave can be produced in a wind instrument open at both ends or closed at one end and calculate the frequencies produced by different harmonics of pipes of a given length.
• Determine the beat frequency produced by two tuning forks of different frequencies.
• Explain how an interference pattern can be produced by two sources of sound of the same wavelength separated by a distance d.
• Solve problems involving two sources for m, d, λ, and the angular separation (θ) when the other quantities are given.
• Solve for the frequency of the sound heard by a listener and the wavelength of the sound between a source and the listener when the frequency of the sound produced by the source and the velocity of both the source and the listener are given.
• Explain how a shock wave can be produced and what is meant by the term "sonic boom."

Lecture on Sound PPT

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• Applied Physics Course Outline

Summary of Chapter 12

• Sound is a longitudinal wave in a medium.
• The pitch of the sound depends on the frequency.
• The loudness of the sound depends on the intensity and also on the sensitivity of the ear.
• The strings on stringed instruments produce a fundamental tone whose wavelength is twice the length of the string; there are also various harmonics present.
• Wind instruments have a vibrating column of air when played. If the tube is open, the fundamental is twice its length; if it is closed the fundamental is four times the tube length.
• Sound waves exhibit interference; if two sounds are at slightly different frequencies they produce beats.
• The Doppler effect is the shift in frequency of a sound due to motion of the source or the observer.

Units of Chapter 12 - Keywords

• Characteristics of Sound
• Intensity of Sound: Decibels
• The Ear and Its Response; Loudness
• Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings and Air Columns
• Quality of Sound, and Noise; Superposition
• Interference of Sound Waves; Beats
• Doppler Effect
• Shock Waves and the Sonic Boom
• Applications: Sonar, Ultrasound, and Medical Imaging

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Applied Physics Lecture: Vibrations and Waves

Lesson Objectives - the students should be able to:

• State the conditions required to produce Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM).
• Determine the period of motion of an object of mass m attached to a spring of force constant k.
• Calculate the velocity, acceleration, potential, and kinetic energy at any point in the motion of an object undergoing SHM.
• Write equations for displacement, velocity, and acceleration as sinusoidal functions of time for an object undergoing SHM if the amplitude and angular velocity of the motion are known. Use these equations to determine the displacement, velocity, and acceleration at a particular moment of time.
• Determine the period of a simple pendulum of length L.
• State the conditions necessary for resonance. Give examples of instances where resonance is a) beneficial and b) destructive. Explain how damped harmonic motion can be achieved to prevent destructive resonance.
• Distinguish between a longitudinal wave and a transverse wave and give examples of each type of wave.
• Calculate the speed of longitudinal waves through liquids and solids and the speed of transverse waves in ropes and strings.
• Calculate the energy transmitted by a wave, the power of a wave and the intensity of a wave, across a unit area A.
• Describe wave reflection from a barrier, refraction as the wave travels from one medium into another, constructive and destructive interference as waves overlap, and diffraction of waves as they pass around an obstacle.
• Explain how a standing wave can be produced in a string or rope and calculate the harmonic frequencies needed to produce standing waves in string instruments.

Lecture on Electric Currents PPT

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• Applied Physics Course Outline

Summary of Chapter 11

• For SHM, the restoring force is proportional to the displacement.
• The period is the time required for one cycle, and the frequency is the number of cycles per second.
• Period for a mass on a spring:
  
  
• SHM is sinusoidal.
• During SHM, the total energy is continually changing from kinetic to potential and back.
• A simple pendulum approximates SHM if its amplitude is not large. Its period in that case is:
  
  
• When friction is present, the motion is damped.
• If an oscillating force is applied to a SHO, its amplitude depends on how close to the natural frequency the driving frequency is. If it is close, the amplitude becomes quite large. This is called resonance.
• Vibrating objects are sources of waves, which may be either a pulse or continuous.
• Wavelength: distance between successive crests.
• Frequency: number of crests that pass a given point per unit time.
• Amplitude: maximum height of crest.
• Wave velocity:
  
  
• Transverse wave: oscillations perpendicular to direction of wave motion.
• Longitudinal wave: oscillations parallel to direction of wave motion.
• Intensity: energy per unit time crossing unit area (W/m2):
  
  
• Angle of reflection is equal to angle of incidence.
• When two waves pass through the same region of space, they interfere. Interference may be either constructive or destructive.
• Standing waves can be produced on a string with both ends fixed. The waves that persist are at the resonant frequencies.
• Nodes occur where there is no motion; antinodes where the amplitude is maximum.
• Waves refract when entering a medium of different wave speed, and diffract around obstacles.
• A full mathematical description of the wave describes the displacement of any point as a function of both distance and time:
  
  

Units of Chapter 11 - Keywords

• Simple Harmonic Motion
• Energy in the Simple Harmonic Oscillator
• The Period and Sinusoidal Nature of SHM
• The Simple Pendulum
• Damped Harmonic Motion
• Forced Vibrations; Resonance
• Wave Motion
• Types of Waves: Transverse and Longitudinal
• Energy Transported by Waves
• Intensity Related to Amplitude and Frequency
• Reflection and Transmission of Waves
• Interference; Principle of Superposition
• Standing Waves; Resonance
• Refraction
• Diffraction
• Mathematical Representation of a Traveling Wave

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Preliminary Exam Results: 1st semester 2013

Below are the unofficial results for Preliminary Exams 1st Semester School Year 2013 - 2014. There might be some changes due to some considerations and consequences.

Top Performers in the Preliminary Exams

SUBJECT	SECTION	NAME	SCORE		TOTAL ITEMS
Applied Physics	TC2-1/TC02-1/TE2-1/TEC2-1/TM2-1	1.     AVERION, THOMAS RANDALL REJS   2.     NATO, ADRIAN KERBY   3.     LAUDATO, RONA NILA	LEC	LAB	LEC     100	LAB     100
			91	90
			91	85
			88	85
Differential Calculus	TC2-1/TC02-1/TE2-1/TEC2-1/TM2-1	1.     AVERION, THOMAS RANDALL REJS   2.     NATO, ADRIAN KERBY   3.     ESCOBER, JULIE ANN	150		150
			130
			125
Differential Calculus	U_2-1/1202	1.     CABARLE, PATRICK   2.     BAHALLA, RYAN   3.     MIGUEL, ALLEN	130		150
			100
			80
Engineering Ecocnomy	TC3-1/tc03-1/TE3-1/TEC3-1	1.     ALCARAZ, MAECA   2.     SARMIENTO, JOEL   3.       GRAMO, JOSE	90		100
			90
			90
Plane and Spherical Trigonometry	TC1-1/TC01-1/TE1-1/TEC1-1/TM1-1	1.     CAMPOS, CRIS ANTHONY   2.     ANDAYA, VINCENT   3.     FETIL, KARLA JESSA VANESSA	135		140
			108
			100
Plane and Spherical Trigonometry	TC1-2/TC01-2/TE1-2/TEC1-2/TM1-2	1.     MALONZO, JADE GABRIEL   2.     CLAROS, BRIAN   3.     NASOL, JOSHUA ANTHONNY	118		140
			107
			98
Plane and Spherical Trigonometry	TC1-3/TC01-3/TE1-3/TEC1-3/TM1-3	1.     DE CHAVEZ, JOHN DAVID   2.     BUENAVENTURA, KRISHIA EUNICE   3.     QUILATON JOSE JR	126		140
			120
			115
Thermodynamics	TEC4-1	PALMERO, RON JOSHUA CARONAN	90		100

Differential Calculus

GROUP A

Name	Score
ABORDO, ADELINE ROSS	70
AVERION, THOMAS RANDALL REJS	150
BARIS, MARK ROMMEL	75
BITUIN, JOSSEL	65
BUENAVENTURA, JAN MATTHEW	30
CAMPBELL, JENREFFE	65
CASPILLO, GIAN ALGER	70
CASTILLO, JUSTIN ALEXIS	20
DE ASIS, LEIGHMAE CIEDEL	100
DUMANDAN, RUFFA MAE,	30
EJERCITO, JASPER JOHN	40
ESCOBER, JULIE ANN	125
ESGUERRA, ALLEN KAYE	80
ESPINA NORDAN
ESTOMO, VICTOR EMMANUEL	85
FRANCO MARC JAYSON	65
GALOS, DAVE	50
GARCIA, JEROME	65
IGNACIO, ARVIN	40
LAUDATO, JHAYMAR	80
LAUDATO, RONA NILA	110
LIM, MARTHIE	40
MACATUGAL, EMRAN	50
MAGSINO, KARL ARGEL	60
MANICDAO, MARLONE	70
MIGULLAS, LIZA MAE	75
MORALES, SHARMAINE	85
MURILLO, MICHAEL	50
NATO, ADRIANE KERBY	130
OSMEÑA, MIGUEL	55
OTLANG, JAYSON	25
PAN, BUEN CARLO	70
PETRACORTA, REGGIE	30
RECILLA, JESTONI	50
REYES, MICHAEL ANGELO	50
SANTOS, EARL JUSTINE	45
SIRINGAN, CHARLES JOHN	105
VALENCIA, KATLENE JOY	90

GROUP B

Name	Score
BAHALLA, RYANN T.	100
CABARLE, PATRICK DANIELLE	130
COSTUNA, JOSHUA ALFONSO B.L	50
ESPEJO, GABRIEL MIGUEL	40
GARGANTIEL, RAMIL	80
LACNO, ERASMUS MARI	55
LACSAMANA, PAUL MICHAEL	65
MIGUEL, ALLEN JOE	80
NEPOMUCENO, JOZALD	50
OBRIQUE, PAUL BRIX	55
SUEÑO, JOEMAR

Applied Physics

Name	Score LEC	Score LAB
ABORDO, ADELINE ROSS	82	50
ARANAS, NEIL MICHAEL
AVERION , THOMAS RANDALL	91	90
BARIS, MARK ROMMEL	79	75
BITUIN, JOSSEL	88	50
BUENAVENTURA, JAN MATTHEW	55	75
CABARLE, PATRICK DANIELLE	79	75
CAMPBELL, JENREFFE	79	60
CASPILLO, GIAN ALGER	70	65
CASTILLO, JUSTIN ALEXIS	64	50
DE ASIS, LEIGHMAE CIEDEL	91	80
DUMANDAN RUFFA MAE	82	60
EJERCITO, JASPER JOHN	49	40
ESCOBER, JULIE ANN	88	70
ESGUERRA, ALLEN KAYE	82	60
ESPANOLA, JOHN LIDAN
ESTOMO, VICTOR EMMANUEL	79	80
FRANCO MARK JAYSON	85	80
GALOS, DAVE	88	70
HERMOSILLA, LOUIE GIE	85	65
LAUDATO, JHAYMAR	73	65
LAUDATO, RONA NILA	88	85
LIM, MARTHIE	91	75
MACATUGAL, EMRAN	88	65
MAGSINO KARL ARGEL	61	50
MANICDAO MARLONE	88	75
MIGUEL, ALLEN JOE	82	50
MORALES SHARMAINE	70	50
MURILLO MICHAEL	79	65
NATO, ADRIANE KERBY	91	85
OSMENA, MIGUEL	88	73
PETRACORTA, REGGIE	70	60
PILLARINA, ED RUSSEL	88	75
PIZARRAS, ARTHUR	85	70
RECILLA, JESTONI	76	40
REYES, MICHAEL ANGELO	91	50
SANTOS, EARL JUSTINE	73	50
SIGUA, JOHN PATRICK	82	75
SIRINGAN, CHARLES JOHN	85	75
VALENCIA, KATLENE JOY	88	75

Engineering Economy

Name	Score
ALCARAZ MAECA C.	90
ARCAINA, LAWRENCE
ARMINAL, MARLON	70
AUSTRIA KENNETH P.	70
BAJARO CECIL MARTIN B.	70
BARCOS MARC JORDY	80
BUENAVENTURA, JAN MATTHEW	57
CALAMARES MC KEVIN E.	60
CAMBARIHAN, GARY	80
DE VEYRA, ARDEN	62
DULA, FRANCIS	50
ENCABO JANNAH ILYNNI A.	30
ESPINA ALEXANDER C.	55
ESPINA NORDAN	20
GONZALES JR MOISES NAIG	70
GRAMO, JOSE MANUEL	90
HILARIO OGEI A
INOY,KRISTA	70
JAGUNOS, JOHN MARK
JUSTO NIÑO LLOYD S	70
MACATUGAL, EMRAN	50
MANICDAO MARLONE	50
MANTILLA, CHRISTINE	70
MANUEL LENDL IVAN D.P	70
NARIZ AARON JOHN	55
PEÑARANDA IAN PAUL M.	27
PUNAY, GERALD FRANCIS	57
RECILLA, JESTONI	70
ROBRIGADO MARK RANCES D.F	80
SAMONTE CHRISTIAN REY S.	58
SAMONTE MILROSE S.	77
SARMIENTO JOEL G.	90
SITOY ALGERICO NIÑO S.	62
SUPERALES ERWIN T.	40
TADLAN ANGELO AMABA	85
TUMBALI JAMES D.

Plane and Spherical Trigonometry

GROUP A

Name	Score
ACOSTA, KYLE ANDREW	75
ANDAYA, VINCENT ALLAN	108
ANTIGUA, ERIZ	45
BALLADO, BRYON MATTEW	98
BATAANON, ROY ALLEN	26
BESANA, MAICA	88
BILGERA, JEREMIAH ZEDRICK	59
BORGUETA, LORILEN JOY	71
CAMPOS, CRIS ANTHONY	135
CASTILLO, KELVIN	40
CRUZ, HAZEL RAMONA	65
DE GUZMAN, JHONDEL	25
DULCE, RICA MAE	50
ESCOREL, JOSEPH	38
FETIL, KARLA JESSA VANESSA	100
FRANCISCO, RONALD FRANCIS	84
GALI, DNANIDREF	69
GONZALES, NATHANIEL	50
GRAVIDEZ, JENNICA	78
HAPITANA, JHERICO	65
LLAMES, JUN EDWARD	50
LUMAGUI, RIZZI JOY	95
MACAUSIG, OLIPIANO	56
MAGUDDAYAO, JAYSON	25
MANZANA, EMMANUEL	68
MARTIN, ALLAINE	30
MERCADO, KENNETH	80
MERCADO, NICOLE DE ROSSI	64
ONG, JOSE PAULO	42
OROGO, DAVIN NEIL	87
ORTILANO, CHRISTIAN PAUL	45
PASCUAL, BAYANI ABRAHAM	40
PETOGO, MICHAEL IVAN	5
PORTE, FRANCIS	15
POYAOAN, ROSS BENJAMIN	60
REGONDOLA, LAWRENCE MIGUEL	55
REPALDA, ROUVELLE JOHN	15
SALDAÑA, DUSTIN LAWRENCE	60
SANTIAGUEL, JAMES MATT	30
SIGUA, JOHN PATRICK	62
VILLEGAS, JHON CARLO	88

GROUP B

Name	Score
AGUILAR, CYRIL	58
ALVARADO, FRENZ ABEI	58
AROPE, DARWIN	68
BASMAYOR, BERNARD	71
BUHAY, PAUL CHRISTIAN	10
CALUBAYAN, MARK ADRIAN	80
CAO, JOHN ARNOLD	35
CASTOR, JENUEL CHRISTIAN	67
CATACUTAN,  CARLOS JOHN	56
CLAROS, BRIAN	107
COLLANTES, DAVID	55
CORTES, LORENZO	24
DE GUZMAN, PAOLO	77
DUMASIG, JHUN ARIEL	53
DURO, HOMER NINO	41
EDER, RUEIN	65
ESPINA, EDWARD VINCENT	94
EWAYAN, JE-AN	90
FINO, LANCE ANTHONY	68
FLORES, RUTH  LYETTE	68
FRANCISCO, RHEX JUSHUA	88
GALVAN, MARTIN RAY	81
GASCON, CHRISTINE THEA	95
GUSMO, ROBELLE ANNE	58
HERNANI, IAN CARLO	56
HEZETA RASHID ASAD	80
JAVIER, NEHEMIAH	96
LOPEZ, FRANCINE MAY	69
MALONZO, JADE GABRIEL	118
MEDINA, KAREN	40
MITRA, JOSH FITZROY	40
MORALES, JOHN LEE ROBERT	47
MOROTA, JULIUS ERVIN	62
NASOL, JOSHUA ANTHONN	98
POBLARES, RALPH GENNSON	79
QUINTANA, JASPER RAY	92
ROMIS, CHE-CHE	50
SUCION, BENJIE
SUSUBRADO, CHEFER	98
TOLENTINO, ARMEL	96

GROUP C

Name	Score
ALMAZAN, MARK IVAN	45
BALMEO, VAL KOBY
BONTIA JOHN PAUL	75
BUENAVENTURA, KRISHIA EUNICE	120
CLARIANES DENMAR	60
CODERES, RENZO	32
COLUMBANO, JAN DAVID	98
DE CHAVEZ JOHN DAVID	126
DEDACE, RAYMUND	66
DELA CRUZ, MARK KENNETH	85
DOLORMENTE, JULIE ANNE	40
EFONDO, JAMES PAUL	70
ESCOTO JR. DANILO	95
FABULA, ISMAEL JOSEPH
GARCIA, CHARLES PATRICK	105
HERMOSILLA, LOUIE GIE	78
IBATUAN MARK ANTHONY	45
LAYUGAN, NEMENCIO	15
LIGAN, JESSE IAN	98
MEDINA, JEROM	47
NIKPASSAND, DARYUSH	70
OTLANG, JAYSON	77
PADILLA, BRYAN	82
QUILATON JOSE, JR	115
RAMOS, RYAN JOSEPH	100
TIMBANG, PAOLO JERARDO
TUMBALI, JAMES	35

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